SESSION 11
09.30.26

Creative Brief Studio
The readings, Markdown and DESIGN.md, and your repo.

Workhorse Collective

NameAbraham GarciaEmailabe@wrkhrs.co

ART 418 · Fall 2026

MeetsMon + WedTodaySession 11 · 09.30.2026
Workhorse wrkhrs.co

Today.

Part
What
You leave with
1
The readings. Davis, chapter 7, and the opening of Neumeier's The Brand Gap.
Two tests to run on your brief
2
Finish the creative brief. All nineteen sections, guesses marked with a question mark.
The brief on Blackboard by 2:50
3
Markdown and DESIGN.md. What a .md file is, and how a design system gets written for a machine reader.
A reason the repo is made of text files
4
Your repo. The starter template, folder by folder, then set it up.
A private repo with your work in it
CREATIVE BRIEF STUDIO · WED 09.30 · THE BRIEF IS DUE ON BLACKBOARD AT 2:50 Workhorse
Part 1 · The readings

What you read
for today.Douglas Davis, Creative Strategy and the Business of Design, chapter 7. Marty Neumeier, The Brand Gap, the opening and Disciplines 1 and 2.

Davis, Chapter 7: The Advanced Strategy Session.

Chapter 6 built the creative strategy framework. Chapter 7 takes each of its columns a second time.

The first pass was about quantity: fill every column. This chapter covers "the steps after quantity": what to cut, where to look for better information, and how to connect what is left. His running example is a pitch for the Amazon Fire TV Stick.

TargetWho needs this, described by what they do
FactsEverything true and relevant about the brand
Feature / BenefitOne tangible feature, one intangible benefit
Objectives or MessagesWhat the business wants, and what the audience should take away
THE FOUR COLUMNS OF DAVIS'S CREATIVE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK · CH. 6 AND 7 Workhorse

Step One: Clean for Quality.

"Look through the content and erase anything that really doesn't have relevance, even if it's correct or true."

Every item on the chart has to pass one question, and the answer has to come with a reason:

"Can we build a campaign on that?"

There is no single right answer. Davis calls this discernment: "One creative sees gold where another sees nothing."

DAVIS, CH. 7, CLEANING FOR QUALITY Workhorse

Then Each Column, Deeper.

Column
What Davis adds in chapter 7
Target
Start with tech blogs and forums for behavior, then check it against syndicated research (Nielsen, Claritas, Mintel, eMarketer). For a public company, read the 10-K: its list of risks is the company's own worries, in its own words.
Facts
Make it exhaustive, and split the research across the team: one person on the brand's own site and press, another on blogs and trade press. Look past the corporate website.
Feature / Benefit
One-to-one pairs. Keep them to short fragments so you do not start writing copy.
Objectives or Messages
Mark each line O: or M:. An objective is a verb tied to a target, with a number ("increase sales by 15 percent") and a way to measure it. A message is the takeaway, not the headline: "Say it straight, then say it great" (Luke Sullivan).
DAVIS, CH. 7: RESEARCHING YOUR TARGET, FACTS, THE FEATURE/BENEFIT COLUMN, THE OBJECTIVES OR MESSAGES COLUMN Workhorse

The Target Is a Person, Not a Profession.

Test
Davis's example
Too narrow
"Tech-savvy grandmas wearing red sweaters who have one grandchild and who live on the ground floor of a third-floor walkup"
Too broad
"Librarians who own HDTVs" misses so many people.
Right
"Think tech-savvy middle-aged bookworms versus librarians."
DAVIS, CH. 7, TURNING WORDS INTO INSPIRATION · FOR THE FIRE TV STICK HE WEIGHS VALUES, MINDSET AND BEHAVIOR ABOVE DEMOGRAPHICS Workhorse

Threads: Fill the Chart Down, Then Read It Across.

Target
Facts
Feature / Benefit
Objectives or Messages
3a feature and its benefit
1one target
4one message or objective
2one fact

"After populating this framework vertically, look for connections horizontally. I call these 'threads.'" They may not sit in the same row: "The value here is the unexpected connections that emerge across categories to help you find inspiration within order."

Based on their need or behavior, this Target > would be interested in a conversation centered around this Fact > using this Feature/Benefit in the headline and copy to get their attention > to deliver this Message or accomplish this Objective.

DAVIS, CH. 6, STEP 3: PULL STRATEGIC THREADS · CH. 7: THE TEMPLATE IS "JUST A GUIDELINE"; MAKE IT YOUR OWN Workhorse

The Fire TV Stick Chart, and Its Threads.

Target
Tech-silvers, or older users who were cutting cable out of their existing TV experience
1Binge-watching cord-cutters who are light gamers
1Amazon Prime members with HDTVs
Facts
The vast amount of content available on Amazon that includes video/entertainment/music/games
2Consolidated access to both an existing Prime Video library and multiple streaming services on their big screen
2Any specifics on the Fire TV Stick technology that enables faster streaming of content without buffering
Feature / Benefit
Amazon Prime Video library Gateway to unlimited streaming (free with Prime)
Amazon Prime Video library Exclusive Amazon Original content (binging enabled)
3ASAP technology Uninterrupted entertainment experience (without buffering)
3The Apps "Netflix, Amazon Video, HBO GO, and Hulu, plus games, music, and more"
HDMI Access travels with you
Objectives or Messages
4O: Increase awareness and sales among existing Amazon Prime members with HDTVs
4O: Become the preferred streaming device among binge-watching cord-cutters who are light gamers
Davis's thread
Amazon Prime members > would be interested in a conversation centered around consolidated access to both their existing Prime Video library and multiple streaming services on the big screen > using a headline focused on the Apps/Experience to convey a message focused more on experiencing the entertainment you're paying for versus spending time trying to access it in different places > for an objective of increasing sales of the Fire TV Stick among existing Prime members.
A second thread
Binge-watching cord-cutters who are light gamers > a conversation about streaming without buffering > using ASAP technology: uninterrupted entertainment > to become their preferred streaming device. (Assembled by us from his columns, to show one chart holds many threads.)
DAVIS, CH. 7: THE FIRE TV STICK EXAMPLES FOR EACH COLUMN, AND HIS THREAD FROM "FINDING THREADS IN YOUR FRAMEWORK" · CHART ENTRIES SHORTENED Workhorse

What a Thread Is For.

"With a single strategic thread you can now write a brief, create relevant design concepts, write compelling copy, or make recommendations on how a client could move forward with this line of reasoning."

"Keep in mind that the thread isn't the idea itself; it is a starting point on which to build concepts and visual directions."

For designers: "look to the words in each column for visual thought-starters." Several threads give several directions; with several teams, "give each a different strategic thread."

DAVIS, CH. 6, STEP 3 AND CH. 7, NEXT STEPS Workhorse

Neumeier, The Brand Gap.

Marty Neumeier, 2003. It promises two things on page 4: a modern definition of brand, and the five disciplines of brand-building.

Pages 1 to 80 cover the definition, the gap the book is named for, and the first two disciplines: Differentiate and Collaborate.

MARTY NEUMEIER, THE BRAND GAP, PDF PP. 1 TO 80 Workhorse

What a Brand Is.

First
Second
Finally
A brand is not a logo.
A brand is not an identity.
A brand is not a product.
"A brand is a person's gut feeling about a product, service, or organization."

A person's, "because brands are defined by individuals, not companies, markets, or publics." A gut feeling, "because people are emotional, intuitive beings."

"It's not what you say it is. It's what they say it is."

NEUMEIER, THE BRAND GAP, PP. 7 TO 18 Workhorse

Why Branding Matters Now.

1
People have too many choices and too little time.
2
Most offerings have similar quality and features.
3
We tend to base our buying choices on trust.

"There are 1,349 cameras on the market. How do you decide which one to buy?"

Trust = reliability + delight. "Trust comes from meeting and beating customer expectations."

NEUMEIER, THE BRAND GAP, PP. 19 TO 22 Workhorse

The Gap.

Strategic thinkers
Creative thinkers
Analytical
Intuitive
Logical
Emotional
Linear
Spatial
Numerical
Visual
Verbal
Physical

"When both sides work together, you can build a charismatic brand": one "for which people believe there's no substitute."

NEUMEIER, THE BRAND GAP, PP. 28 TO 32 · "IN MOST COMPANIES, STRATEGY IS SEPARATED FROM CREATIVITY BY A WIDE GAP." Workhorse

Discipline 1: Differentiate.

"Our brains act as filters to protect us from too much information." So: "We're hardwired to notice only what's different."

1900Features"What it is"
1925Benefits"What it does"
1950Experience"What you feel"
2000Identification"Who you are"

"Marketing today is about creating tribes." People join different tribes for different activities: driving, Volkswagen; reading, Amazon; sports, Nike. "On Sundays they worship Harley, god of the open road."

NEUMEIER, THE BRAND GAP, PP. 38 TO 44 Workhorse

Focus, and the Focus Test.

The three most important words in differentiating a brand: focus, focus, focus.

The focus test
1
Who are you?
2
What do you do?
3
Why does it matter?

"The most common reason for loss of focus is ill-considered brand extensions." Porsche with sports cars is focused; Porsche with sports cars and SUVs is not. OXO Good Grips got stronger with each extension, because each one reinforced its focus.

NEUMEIER, THE BRAND GAP, PP. 45 TO 55 Workhorse

Discipline 2: Collaborate.

Model
How it works
His scorecard
One-stop shop
One firm holds every service needed to develop and steward the brand
Easy to manage, promise of consistency; little choice of teams, little ownership of the brand
Brand agency
A lead firm hires best-of-breed specialists
Choice of teams, promise of consistency; little ownership of the brand
Integrated marketing team
Managed inside the company, open collaboration among specialists
Choice of teams, consistency, ownership of the brand; difficult to manage

"It takes a village to build a brand." His model is a film: hundreds of collaborators, one set of credits.

NEUMEIER, THE BRAND GAP, PP. 56 TO 80 · "LIKE BUILDING A CATHEDRAL, BUILDING A BRAND IS A COLLABORATIVE PROJECT." Workhorse
Part 2 · 35 minutes · finish the brief

Run both tests on your brief.

Davis. Read every line and ask "Can we build a campaign on that?" Answer with a reason. Cut what fails, even if it is true.
Davis. Is your audience a person described by behavior, or a job title?
Neumeier. Answer the focus test in one sentence each: Who are you? What do you do? Why does it matter?
Then. Finish the nineteen sections and turn the brief in on Blackboard by 2:50.
Part 3 · Writing for people and machines

A design system,
written as text.What a .md file is, and DESIGN.md, a format for describing a visual identity to AI tools.

What a .md File Is.

A Markdown file is plain text with a few marks that mean formatting. It reads fine as it is, and any app that understands Markdown shows it formatted. John Gruber and Aaron Swartz made it in 2004 so people could write for the web without writing HTML.

What you type (FOCUS.md)
# Focus **Now:** the moodboard **Next hand-in:** Oct 7 ## Stuck on - the second theme - a credit for image 4 [The brief](01-brief/creative-brief.md)
What GitHub shows

Focus

Now: the moodboard
Next hand-in: Oct 7

Stuck on

  • the second theme
  • a credit for image 4

The brief

OPEN ANY .MD FILE IN TEXTEDIT, VS CODE, OBSIDIAN OR ON GITHUB · DARING FIREBALL, MARKDOWN (2004): DARINGFIREBALL.NET/PROJECTS/MARKDOWN Workhorse

The Marks You Need.

Type this
You get
# Title ## Section
Headings. The number of # marks is the level.
**bold** *italic*
bold and italic
- item
A bulleted list. 1. makes a numbered one.
[words](link)
A link. The link can be a web address or another file in the repo.
| a | b |
A table, one row per line, cells split by bars.
--- at the very top
Front matter: a block of labeled values a program can read before the text starts. DESIGN.md keeps its colors and type there.
GITHUB'S GUIDE: DOCS.GITHUB.COM, SEARCH "BASIC WRITING AND FORMATTING SYNTAX" Workhorse

Why Everything in the Repo Is Markdown.

People read it as is
No app needed. It is a text file that looks like notes.
AI tools read it natively
Language models read and write text. Headings give them the structure of a document without any layout to decode.
Git can show every change
Git compares text line by line, so each commit shows exactly which words changed. It cannot do that for a PDF or an image.
It outlives the tool
Any editor on any computer opens it, now and in twenty years.
A WORD DOC OR A FIGMA FRAME HOLDS THE SAME WORDS, BUT NEITHER THE MACHINE NOR GIT CAN SEE INSIDE IT AS EASILY Workhorse

DESIGN.md.

"A format specification for describing a visual identity to coding agents."

Published by Google Labs in April 2026, open source, and still marked alpha. It is one Markdown file that sits in a project and tells any AI tool how the product should look and why.

An agent that reads it before building a screen uses your colors, your type and your rules instead of its defaults.

GITHUB.COM/GOOGLE-LABS-CODE/DESIGN.MD Workhorse

Two Layers in One File.

1 · Front matter: exact values a machine reads
--- name: Heritage colors: primary: "#1A1C1E" tertiary: "#B8422E" neutral: "#F7F5F2" typography: h1: fontFamily: Public Sans fontSize: 3rem ---
2 · Prose: why, and how to apply them
## Colors The palette is rooted in high-contrast neutrals and a single accent color. - **Tertiary (#B8422E):** "Boston Clay", the sole driver for interaction. - **Neutral (#F7F5F2):** Warm limestone foundation, softer than pure white.

"Tokens give agents exact values. Prose tells them why those values exist and how to apply them."

THE HERITAGE EXAMPLE FROM THE DESIGN.MD README, SHORTENED Workhorse

Why It Works: Intent Beats Values.

"The quality of a generated design is determined less by the precision of its values than by how clearly the intent is described."
Adjectives
A specific reference
"Modern, clean, trustworthy, premium"
"A 1970s graduate lecture handout in the tradition of an old and established university"
"Evokes nothing specific." The model makes something in the middle of what the words describe.
"Evokes a complete world": one ink, generous margins, a serif at reading size, no decoration.

"Adjectives describe a region. A specific reference describes a point."

DESIGN.MD, PHILOSOPHY.MD Workhorse

What You Leave Out Defines the Character.

Naming a specific thing brings its limits with it. A model knows what a lecture handout is, and what it is not: it does not glow or use a gradient.

"Naming the object names them, the same way naming a dog tells the model that dogs don't meow."

Then add a short, intentional list of do's and don'ts. From their handout example:

Don't color the page numeral or any other piece of metadata. Vermilion lives in diagrams only.
Do keep vermilion inside diagrams. Its scarcity outside is what makes its presence inside meaningful.

A long, rambling list of don'ts "is often a sign the description was too vague."

DESIGN.MD, PHILOSOPHY.MD, NEGATIVE CONSTRAINTS Workhorse

New York City Transit Authority, 1970.

Red binder cover of the New York City Transit Authority Graphics Standards Manual
The binderRing-bound, so pages could be replaced.
Page of black circular route symbols, 1 through SS
Route symbolsEvery line gets the same circle, in the same type.
Page showing Exit and Transfer signs with arrows and route symbols
Signs, specifiedExit and Transfer, with arrows and route symbols.
GRAPHICS STANDARDS MANUAL · UNIMARK: MASSIMO VIGNELLI AND BOB NOORDA · PP. 1, 48, 67 Workhorse

NASA, 1975.

The NASA worm logotype drawn on a construction grid
The logotype on a gridA grid drawing for large applications.
Color swatches: NASA red and NASA gray
Two colorsNASA red and NASA warm gray, matched in any medium.
Space Shuttle drawings showing where the logotype and flag go
The Space ShuttleWhere the markings go on a spacecraft.
NASA GRAPHICS STANDARDS MANUAL · DANNE AND BLACKBURN · NHB 1430.2, PP. 9, 11, 56 · PUBLIC DOMAIN Workhorse

Designers Have Written This Document Before.

Standards manual
Who it was written for
1970 · New York City Transit Authority Graphics Standards Manual
Unimark: Massimo Vignelli and Bob Noorda
Sign makers and crews who would never meet the designers, applying the system in hundreds of stations.
1975 · NASA Graphics Standards Manual
Danne and Blackburn
Every NASA center, printer and contractor using the worm logotype.
2026 · DESIGN.md
A model building screens for you. Same job: exact values, plus the reasons, so someone who never met you can apply the system.
A BRAND BOOK HAS ALWAYS BEEN INSTRUCTIONS FOR PEOPLE WHO WEREN'T IN THE ROOM. Workhorse

In Practice.

Part
What it does
Eight sections, in order
Overview, Colors, Typography, Layout, Elevation and Depth, Shapes, Components, Do's and Don'ts. Any can be left out; the ones you keep stay in this order.
References
A value can point at another: a button's color is {colors.tertiary}, so changing the palette changes the button.
Lint
A checker finds broken references, missing colors and type, and text colors that fail contrast against their background.
Diff
Compares two versions of the file and reports which values changed.
Export
Turns the values into the W3C design token format or Tailwind, so code can use them directly.
NPX @GOOGLE/DESIGN.MD LINT DESIGN.MD · THE FORMAT IS ALPHA: EXPECT IT TO CHANGE Workhorse

Further Reading.

The spec and README
github.com/google-labs-code/design.md
Why it works, in their words
github.com/google-labs-code/design.md/blob/main/PHILOSOPHY.md
DESIGN.md files for real brands
github.com/VoltAgent/awesome-design-md
The token format it exports to
designtokens.org (W3C Design Tokens Community Group)
The file every AI tool reads first
agents.md
Markdown, from the source
daringfireball.net/projects/markdown
ALL LINKS ARE ON THE SESSION PAGE Workhorse
Part 4 · Your repo

One project,
one repo.A template with a folder for every stage, and the rules any AI tool reads before it touches your work.

One Folder per Stage, in the Order You Reach It.

Folder
What goes in it
When
ABOUT-ME.md
You: profile, how tools should work with you, your projects, your statement
Today, Dec 7
BRIEF.md
The working brief: problem, objective, context, questions
September
01-brief/
The creative brief, nineteen sections
Today
02-research/
Audiences, competitors, sources, interviews
All term
03-explorations/
Moodboard index with credits, themes, language
Oct 7, Oct 14
04-brand/ 05-tokens/
The direction, the rules, the voice; exact values for color, type, space
Oct 19 to Nov 4
06-book/ 07-site/
The brand book; the landing page, built from the tokens
Nov 16 to Dec 2
decks/ LOG.md
Every PDF, date first; what you decided and what the machine did
Every session
GITHUB.COM/WORKHORSE/BRAND-PROJECT-STARTER Workhorse

Where DESIGN.md Fits.

DESIGN.md layer
In your repo
Starts
Front matter: values
05-tokens/: color, type and spacing in the W3C token format
Oct 21, Tokens and Rules
Prose: reasons and rules
04-brand/rules.md and voice.json
Oct 19 and Oct 26
Overview: the specific reference
Your direction, 04-brand/direction.md, drawn from the moodboard
Oct 19
THE REPO KEEPS THE SAME TWO LAYERS IN SEPARATE FOLDERS · A DESIGN.MD CAN BE WRITTEN FROM THEM WHEN THE BRAND EXISTS Workhorse

AGENTS.md: the Rules Every Tool Reads First.

Rule
What it means for you
The brief is the source
Every decision names the brief section it answers. The tool asks when nothing does.
The tool does not decide
No invented research, sources, customers or brand choices. It offers options; you pick.
Values come from the tokens
No color or size typed by hand anywhere else.
Copy is in your voice
The tool reads voice.json first, and only you edit it.
Say what the machine did
Every session with a tool ends with two lines in LOG.md.
CLAUDE CODE, CURSOR, CODEX, COPILOT AND GEMINI ALL READ AGENTS.MD · THEN ABOUT-ME.MD, TO LEARN WHO YOU ARE Workhorse

Ask for the Job in Plain Words.

Skill
What it does
Say
write-in-voice
Reads your voice and brief before writing any copy
"Draft three taglines for the landing page."
check
Reads a draft against docs/CHECK.md and lists what to fix
"Check the tagline."
trace-to-brief
Shows which brief section each decision answers, and what answers nothing
"Does my moodboard answer the brief?"
log-the-run
Writes the LOG.md entry for the session
"Log this session."
SKILLS LIVE IN .CLAUDE/SKILLS/ · EACH ONE IS A MARKDOWN FILE Workhorse

AI Tools With Student Access.

Tool
What students get
Sign up
GitHub Student Developer Pack
Free GitHub Pro and Copilot Student for verified students, plus partner tools. Copilot Student sign-ups paused in April and reopened gradually from June.
education.github.com/pack
Google AI Pro (Gemini)
A free year for US college students 18 and over, with a school email. Claim by Dec 31, 2026; it bills $19.99 a month after the year unless you cancel.
gemini.google/students
Figma Education
The Professional plan free for verified students, including Figma Make and monthly AI credits. Reverify each year.
figma.com/education
NotebookLM
Free. Load your readings and sources; it answers from those documents and cites them.
notebooklm.google.com
Claude
The free plan does not expire. No individual student discount; schools can join Claude for Education.
claude.ai · anthropic.com/education
Cursor
Free Hobby tier. Its free year of Pro for students closed to new sign-ups in June 2026.
cursor.com/students
Notion
Plus plan free with a school email.
notion.com/product/notion-for-education
CHECKED SEP 30, 2026 · STUDENT OFFERS CHANGE OFTEN: READ THE TERMS, AND SET A REMINDER BEFORE ANY FREE YEAR STARTS BILLING Workhorse
Exercise · 25 minutes · GitHub Desktop

Set up your repo.

1. Copy. On the template page, Use this template, then Create a new repository. Name it art418-lastname, set it to Private.
2. Clone. GitHub Desktop, File, Clone repository. On GitHub, Settings, Collaborators: add thehonestape.
3. Move in. Fill in ABOUT-ME.md, with your statement as its last section. BRIEF.md and LOG.md replace the templates. PDFs go to decks/, date first. Paste today's brief into 01-brief/creative-brief.md.
4. Commit. FOCUS.md in three lines, then one commit: "Move work into the starter repo". Push.
github.com/workhorse/brand-project-starter

Before October 7.

File
What goes in it
Due
03-explorations/moodboard.md
Every image linked, credited, and tied to a brief section. Start with three before you leave.
Oct 7
03-explorations/themes.md
Two or three themes, each with its images and what it would cost
Oct 7
03-explorations/language.md
The first words the brand might use, and the ones it never would
Oct 7
LOG.md
Two lines for every session
Every session
Monday, Oct 5
Watch Ways of Seeing episode 2 before class
Oct 5
CHECKPOINT OCT 7 · EXPLORATIONS PRESENTED OCT 14 · THE BRIEF IS DUE ON BLACKBOARD AT 2:50 TODAY Workhorse
Close

Name a specific thing.
Then write it down."Adjectives describe a region. A specific reference describes a point." DESIGN.md, PHILOSOPHY.md.